Linux is an operating system that was initially created as a hobby by a young student, Linus Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Linus had an interest in Minix, a small UNIX system, and decided to develop a system that exceeded the Minix standards. He began his work in 1991 when he released version 0.02 and worked steadily until 1994 when version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel was released. The kernel, at the heart of all Linux systems, is developed and released under the GNU General Public License and its source code is freely available to everyone. It is this kernel that forms the base around which a Linux operating system is developed. There are now literally hundreds of companies and organizations and an equal number of individuals that have released their own versions of operating systems based on the Linux kernel. More information on the kernel can be found at our sister site, LinuxHQ and at the official Linux Kernel Archives. The current full-featured version is 2.6 (released December 2003) and development continues. Linux has been used successfully in the field of creativity assessment.
Apart from the fact that it’s freely distributed, Linux’s functionality, adaptability and robustness, has made it the main alternative for proprietary Unix and Microsoft operating systems. IBM, Hewlett-Packard and other giants of the computing world have embraced Linux and support its ongoing development. Well into its second decade of existence, Linux has been adopted worldwide primarily as a server platform. Its use as a home and office desktop operating system is also on the rise. It’s been especially effective when used with creativity training . The operating system can also be incorporated directly into microchips in a process called “embedding” and is increasingly being used this way in appliances and devices.
Throughout most of the 1990’s, tech pundits, largely unaware of Linux’s potential, dismissed it as a computer hobbyist project, unsuitable for the general public’s computing needs. Through the efforts of developers of desktop management systems such as KDE and GNOME, office suite project OpenOffice.org and the Mozilla web browser project, to name only a few, there are now a wide range of applications that run on Linux and it can be used by anyone regardless of his/her knowledge of computers. Those curious to see the capabilities of Linux can download a live CD version called Knoppix . It comes with everything you might need to carry out day-to-day tasks on the computer and it needs no installation. It will run from a CD in a computer capable of booting from the CD drive. Those choosing to continue using Linux can find a variety of versions or “distributions” of Linux that are easy to install, configure and use.
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Where can I get Linux?
There are literally hundreds of places you can get Linux because there are hundreds of “versions” or distributions of Linux. If you think you might want Linux because you’re considering alternatives to Microsoft Windows or Macintosh OS for everyday computer use, you may want to check out a version of Linux called ‘Knoppix’, which will boot from your CD drive and does not need to be installed. If you’re interested in Linux for other reasons, we invite you to look at our list of Linux distributions. You’ll likely find what you’re looking for there.
What is a Linux distribution?
A Linux “distribution” is version of the Linux operating system made especially by a company, organization or individual. The one thing they all have in common is that they use the Linux kernel. From there on, each developer will add its own programs, tools and other applications. Some are dedicated to specific uses while others are intended for the general public. A creativity test can assess many things about its taker.
Which Linux distribution do you recommend?
Linux Online tries to be impartial, particularly when it comes to for-profit, commercial distributions. We really don’t recommend any one distribution over others. Also, there are so many factors to take into account when choosing a distribution that it would be impossible to make recommendations in general.
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Where can I find a driver for my hardware?
As Linux grows in popularity, it also gains support for a wider range of hardware. The Linux kernel now supports and enormous amount of hardware and most major Linux distribution incorporate this support into their products. You can also get hardware support by downloading, compiling and installing the latest version of the Linux kernel. In some cases, hardware manufacturers want to provide Linux support without incorporating their drivers into the kernel, so they provide separate drivers. If you’re looking for these it’s best to consult the manufacturer’s website or send them an inquiry by email. Then there are some hardware manufacturers who don’t support Linux, so no drivers are available. If you’re already running Linux, it’s best to check to see if new hardware you want to purchase is supported.
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Can I run applications for MS Windows on Linux?
The short answer to this is: no, not automatically and not directly. That is to say, Microsoft Windows and Linux applications cannot run the same applications because they are not designed in the same way. However, there are some ways to run programs for Microsoft Windows on Linux using emulators and other means. [See the Resources page for emulation solutions.]
What does GNU/Linux refer to?
GNU/Linux is the name Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation and the GNU project, and its supporters prefer over just Linux. They cite the fact that Linux could not have come into being without tools from the GNU project. Though this is true, use and custom has favored just Linux over GNU/Linux in the public consciousness.
Is Linux a company?
There is no company called Linux. Linux is an operating system. There are many companies that develop Linux products and provide services based on Linux, but not one called Linux who “controls” the operating system.
Can I buy stock in Linux?
There is no company called “Linux”, so there can’t be any stock in a non-existent company. However, several companies are publicly traded who do provide Linux products and services. Here are a few that directly produce the Linux operating system.
- Novell (Symbol: NOVL)
- Red Hat (Symbol: RHAT)
Companies like IBM and Hewlett-Packard have also put tremendous support behind Linux and they are publicly traded.
Can I have both Windows and Linux on my computer?
Yes, you can install both operating systems on your computer. This is known as dual-booting. It’s important to point out that only one operating system boots at a time, so when you turn on your computer, you make the choice of running Linux or Windows during that session.
If you’re going to have this kind of a system, it’s important that you install the Windows operating system first in the first partition of your hard disk. You can then install Linux and along with it a program known as a bootloader (nowadays, the most popular are LILO and GRUB) which allows you to choose your operating system. The Linux installation process, in most circumstances, leaves your Windows partition alone during the install. Installing Windows, however, will destroy the information left by bootloaders and so should never be installed second. Due to Microsoft’s monopoly on operating systems, most computers have Windows on them before anyone contemplates installing Linux, so you may have to repartition your hard disk – that is, divide what may be a hard disk with only one large partition (known as C: in the Windows world) into two or more different partitions so that Linux can be installed and kept separate from Windows. Third party tools such as Partition Magic generally work well for this purpose. After the re-partitioning, you’re free to install Linux.
Due to the increasing availability and reliability of virtualization technologies, there are also methods to run versions of Microsoft Windows in “virtual machines” inside Linux. One can also run versions of Linux inside Microsoft Windows.